问:微生物培养基的种类,分类和类型有哪些?

发布时间:

2022-12-24

作者:

中国大的培养基制作公司


问:微生物培养基的种类,分类和类型有哪些?微生物培养基的用途

 
答:按其物理状态可分为固体、液体和半固体培养基三类。
1,固体培养基是在培养基中加入凝固剂,有琼脂、明胶、硅胶等。固体培养基常用于微生物分离、鉴定、计数和菌种保存等方面。
用于微生物分离,鉴定,计数。如图,微生物分离成菌落、菌苔。图中为大肠杆菌菌落,是用涂布平板法得到。
2,半固微生物培养基的用途体是在液体培养基中加入少量凝固剂而呈半固体状态。可用于观察细菌的运动、鉴定菌种和测定噬菌体的效价等方面。
用于观察微生物运动特征。如图,左侧试管中微生物不运动,而右侧试管中微生物运动,因而两试管中现象不同。
3,液体培养基中不加任何凝固剂。成分均匀,微生物能充分接触和利用培养基中的养料,适于作生理等研究,由于发酵率高,操作方便,也常用于发酵工业。
用于观察微生物生长状态。如图,此例中左侧为表面生长,右侧为沉淀生长,中间两个为均匀混浊生长。
 
培养基按微生物的种类可分为细菌、放线菌、酵母菌和霉菌培养基等四类。
1,常用的细菌培养基有营养肉汤和营养琼脂;
2,常用的放线菌培养基为高氏1号;
3,常用的酵母菌培养基有马铃薯蔗糖和麦芽汁;
4,常用的霉菌培养基有马铃薯蔗糖、豆芽汁蔗糖(或葡萄糖,葡萄糖比较昂贵)琼脂和察氏培养基等。
 
按其特殊用途可分为基础、加富、选择性和鉴别培养基。
1,基础培养基:是含有一般微生物生长繁殖所需基本营养物质的培养基。牛肉膏蛋白胨是最常用的 基础培养基。
2,加富培养基:是在基础培养基中加入血、血清、动植物组织提取液制成的培养基。用于培养要求比较苛刻的某些微生物。
3,选择性培养基:是在普通培养基中加入特殊营养物质或化学物质,以抑制不需要的微生物的生长,有利于所需微生物的生长。用于将某种或某类微生物从混杂的微生物群体中分离出来。
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Q: what kinds, types and types of microbial media are there?
Answer: according to the physical state of the medium
According to their physical state, the medium can be divided into three categories: solid medium, liquid medium and semisolid medium.
1, solid medium. It is added coagulant in the medium, agar, gelatin, silica gel and so on. Solid medium is often used for isolation, identification, enumeration and preservation of microorganisms.
Used for microbiological separation, identification, and counting. For example, microbes are separated into colonies and fungi. The coliform colony is obtained by the coated plate method.
2, semisolid medium. It is a semisolid state with a small amount of coagulant added to the liquid medium. It can be used to observe the movement of bacteria, identify strains and determine the potency of bacteriophages.
It is used to observe the characteristics of microorganism movement. As shown here, the microorganism in the left tube is not moving, but the microorganism in the right tube is moving, so the two test tube is different.
3, liquid medium. No coagulant is added to the liquid medium. The composition of the medium is uniform, and the microorganism can fully contact and utilize the nutrients in the medium. It is suitable for the study of physiology. It is also used in the fermentation industry because of its high fermentation rate and convenient operation.
It is used to observe the growth state of microbes. In this case, the left side is the surface growth, the right side is the precipitate growth, and the two is the uniform cloudy growth.
According to the species of microbes
The culture medium can be divided into four categories: bacterial culture medium, actinomycete culture medium, yeast culture medium and mould medium according to the type of microorganism.
1, commonly used bacterial culture media include nutrient broth and nutrient agar medium.
2, the commonly used actinomycetes culture medium is Gao's No. 1 medium.
3, commonly used yeast culture medium is potato sucrose medium and wort medium.
4, the common fungal culture medium includes the sucrose medium of potato, the sucrose of the bean sprout juice (or the glucose, the more expensive glucose) agar medium and the Cha's medium.
According to the use of culture medium
The media can be divided into basic medium, enriched medium, selective medium and differential medium according to their special uses.
1, the basic medium is a medium that contains basic nutrients needed for the growth and reproduction of ordinary microorganisms. Beef paste peptone medium is the most commonly used basal medium.
2, enrichment medium: medium added with blood, serum, animal and plant extracts. It is used to cultivate some demanding microorganisms.
3, selective medium: the addition of special nutrients or chemicals to the ordinary medium in order to inhibit the growth of the non - needed microorganisms and the growth of the required microbes. Used to separate certain or certain microorganisms from mixed microbial populations.